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Maintaining Timber Windows

A well-maintained window seal repairs made of timber is a crucial element of the historical fabric of a building. It reflects in different degrees, the materials and technologies of the time in which it was made, the architectural style and craftsmanship.

If it is possible, repairs must be made on-site. Repairing the most severe areas of decay can be done using proprietary resin-based systems.

Durability

The timber windows in many historical buildings were made to last for a long time. However, they do need to be maintained to ensure they look good and functioning properly. The most frequently-asked maintenance tasks include upvc door repairs to sash cords, re-tightening sash pulleys, and painting. There is also a growing demand for upgrading timber windows to increase the efficiency of energy. This could include replacing old glazing units, fixing the window rebates that are in place or installing new cills for improved air seal.

The deterioration of paintwork is a major issue with traditional windows. This is especially true in the case of sash windows because the gaps between sashes can often be quite large. In these cases, water can penetrate paint film and cause rotting of the wood or putty beneath. The rotting can be exacerbated by weather conditions that are not ideal. To stop this from happening, windows need to be painted regularly with an exterior wood paint.

In addition to repainting, areas that have corroded need to be repaired with an adhesive-based repair product. This will ensure that the maximum possible amount of the original fabric is retained. It is also important to reduce the number of holes that are drilled into the frame to allow cable entry as these can allow water in and cause decay.

Another issue with older windows is the structural movement within the wall, which can lead to deformation of the frame and the sash. This can lead to sash not fitting correctly jamming, sticking or sagging in the opening, and broken glass. This can be corrected often by fitting new sash frames made of slow-growing deal (pine) or oak. The cill should be constructed of a strong hardwood like oak, to prevent shifting between the new and older work.

To alleviate this issue, there are now several companies that produce Boston pattern sash made of wood that can be fitted into most openings. These sash are available in a variety of sizes and finishes to suit the requirements of the modern homeowner. These new sash, when combined with quadruple draft strips and a better thermal insulation, can make a huge difference to the efficiency of your home's energy usage.

Aesthetics

A lot of old timber frames possess a dazzling aesthetic appeal because they display, in a certain form, the materials technology, the construction process, and the architectural taste from the time period they were constructed. They may also have significant historical value in their own right. This is especially true of windows that were unglazed in the early days of timber double glazed windows cambridge-framed buildings, in which the majority were simply a series of openings within structural frames subdivided horizontally by mullions, and vertically by wood or iron bars to keep out intruders.

Traditional window repair specialists joinery made from timber can be a highly decorative element of a structure and it is important to maintain its appearance. It is vital that any decay resulting from moisture penetration should be removed as soon as it is recognised. This is best done by a thorough painting process, especially in areas in which there is already damage or degradation. It is best to use paints designed to be used in a set (primer undercoat and finish) and to adhere to the manufacturer's recommendations for preparation and number coats at each stage.

Wet rot is a frequent issue in old timber windows. The best method to stop it from growing is to eliminate any damaged or rotten parts as soon as you can to prevent the spread of the fungus that causes it. The replacement of rotting wood should be carefully undertaken using slow grown deal (pine) and, wherever feasible it is the same species as that which is being removed to prevent any movement differences between the new section and existing timbers.

In the late period of the 17th century and the middle of the medieval period, glass became less expensive and more abundant, and the openings for glazed glass in timber-framed buildings gradually became more sophisticated with wooden tracery as well as moulded mullions and protruding cills. In the past, more often, the glass was laid within rebated frames and then pinned by 'glazing sprigs' rather than into lead cames. This method of glazing not only makes windows less likely to leak, but also allows for more clear glass sheets to be employed than would be possible otherwise without the use of led lights.

Energy efficiency

The traditional timber windows are energy efficient due to their thickness, multilayer construction and focus on detail. They also have large glass areas and projecting cills that reduce air infiltration. The windows can be modified to increase their energy efficiency with draught-proofing and secondary glazing. It is essential to remember that these measures should be taken into consideration when it comes to the overall integrity and look of the original windows.

As a result, retaining existing historic windows that require repair instead of replacing them is sensible especially when their thermal enhancements can be made economically through simple repairs and upgrades. Older windows are usually of historical significance, since they reflect a variety of technical development and changes to architectural taste. The pressures to replace these windows are typically based on the assumption that windows that are old will need to be replaced in the near future, however most are still capable of serving for 150, 200 or even 250 years, if properly maintained.

It is essential to realize that decay problems in traditional timber windows are avoidable with quick and thorough repairs. In addition it is vital to spot damp penetration issues and fix them promptly to avoid major damage. Early paint deterioration can be a problem because it allows moisture to get into the wood, which can cause wet rot. It is not uncommon for this damage to go undetected until the paintwork starts to crack or turn wavier. However, it could cause structural damage and further decay.

A good quality paint will prevent this moisture from entering. To prevent condensation and mould it is essential to keep the paintwork as clean as you can. The use of modern synthetic paints can pose a problem since they are typically made to be water-resistant which can lead to the formation of mildew inside the window frame.

The majority of older windows were constructed of sapwood-rich timber. These timbers can deteriorate quickly when exposed to rain, however they can be protected by an extensive preservation treatment prior to use. It is also crucial to ensure that the kind of timber used is well-suited to the climate and site conditions, as these factors affect the durability of the joinery. Local window manufacturers create various types of timber sash that can be tailored to fit specific historic openings. They can be constructed to the standard Boston pattern dimensions or to specific sizes that fit with the architectural style of historic buildings.

Maintenance

The life span of windows made from timber can be extended considerably by regular inspection, careful redecoration and prompt repair. The primary cause of wood decay is the penetration of moisture through deteriorated paint or putty. This can be avoided by thorough painting and using high-quality wood preservative.

It is essential that repairs to old sash and casement windows are done correctly and done with the minimum disturbance. Many of the traditional designs for timber windows can be repaired without dismantling the frame, and this approach should be used whenever it is feasible. Remove peeling or loose paint and then lightly sand the surface to improve the "key" of the surface. This will enable the new coating to adhere better. It is important to avoid stripping old paint layers that could have historical value, and where these are present it is recommended that a study of the paint be conducted.

When a piece of wood is rotten, the best option is to remove the rotted material and replace it with spliced-in inserts that are shaped to match the existing profiles. The wood that is being inserted should be treated with wood preservative and the joint between the cill for timber and the masonry sub-cill should be sealed.

Replacement of traditional windows using PVC-u can be an appealing option, particularly when the installer offers an "all-in-one" installation that handles both removal and replacement within the span of a day. It is vital that the installer of replacement windows has a full understanding of the construction and history of traditional wooden frames. This will enable them to make the right recommendations for energy efficiency improvements as well as other technological improvements that don't harm the character of an historic building. The window installers who provide replacement windows must be registered with a Competent Persons Scheme like FENSA. This will ensure that replacement windows are approved by the Building Regulations as a suitable option. A skilled carpenter is able to install PVC-u Windows that are sympathetic to the original character of the building. This is especially true where windows are installed in listed buildings and conservation areas.